Step into a world of soaring arches, ornate altars, and rich history with "The History of England's Cathedrals" by Nicholas Orme. This captivating book delves beyond the mere grandeur of these magnificent structures, offering a comprehensive exploration of their evolution, function, and enduring significance in English life.
Orme's narrative transcends the stereotypical image of rigid Anglicanism. He paints a vivid picture of the clergy throughout the centuries, from the notorious Bogo de Clare, a 13th-century bishop famed for his "pluralism and non-residence" (holding multiple positions simultaneously), to the witty Bishop of Bath and Wells, who relished Victorian literature and indulged in leisurely reading habits.
While the architectural beauty of England's cathedrals takes center stage, Orme delves deeper. He meticulously explores the various forms of worship, the changing roles of clergy and laypeople, and the diverse activities that have taken place within these hallowed walls, from religious ceremonies to the housing of historical relics.
Orme uses the lens of cathedrals to offer a unique perspective on major historical events in England. He challenges preconceived notions by revealing fascinating facts, such as the delayed impact of the Reformation on cathedral life and the continued political influence of these institutions well into the 19th century.
The book goes beyond mere description, offering historical and linguistic insights. Orme avoids oversimplifying the term "cathedral" and sheds light on its evolution from an adjective to a noun, highlighting the crucial role of bishops in defining these structures. This nuanced approach sheds light on the unique status of Westminster Abbey, which, despite its grandeur, falls outside the category of a traditional cathedral.
Orme explores the fascinating impact of the Reformation on English cathedrals. While the dissolution of monasteries had an undeniable impact, the book reveals Henry VIII's strategic decision to preserve cathedrals due to their similarity to his own chapel. Additionally, Orme highlights the fascinating attempt to establish new educational institutions within cathedral grounds, showcasing the evolving role of these structures beyond solely religious purposes.
Despite the Reformation's impact, the book emphasizes the remarkable architectural continuity of England's cathedrals. Orme delves into specific architectural elements, like the intricately decorated Ethelbert Gate of Norwich Cathedral, showcasing the defensive measures taken against violence and the unique blend of styles employed.
An intriguing observation emerges: unlike the stylistic evolution witnessed in continental European cathedrals, England's cathedrals remained largely rooted in the Gothic style, with its characteristic spires, pointed arches, and clustered columns. Orme argues that this stylistic "conservatism" stemmed from the Reformation, with the established style becoming the expected norm.
While focusing primarily on the Church of England, the book acknowledges the resurgence of the Catholic Church in the 19th century, fueled by Irish immigration. However, Orme highlights the contrast in building projects between the two denominations, with the Catholic Church constructing only a handful of cathedrals during the specified period.
The book offers a hopeful message of reconciliation. Orme notes the increasing collaboration between the Church of England and the Catholic Church, exemplified by Catholic priests being permitted to preach in Anglican cathedrals and the appointment of honorary Catholic canons. This collaborative spirit signifies a significant step forward, demonstrating greater inclusivity and understanding.
The book acknowledges the evolving role of cathedrals in contemporary society. While Philip Larkin's poem "Church Going" pondered the future of these structures, Orme highlights their continued relevance as active centers of religious life. He also acknowledges the emergence of modern cathedrals, such as the unconventional Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, showcasing the ability of these structures to adapt to changing times while preserving their historical essence.
"The History of England's Cathedrals" offers an enriching experience for anyone interested in history, architecture, and the cultural fabric of England. It allows readers to step beyond the awe-inspiring facades and delve into the rich tapestry woven by these magnificent structures over centuries, revealing a story of evolution, resilience, and enduring cultural significance. Even a "wayward medieval churchman" like Bogo de Clare might find himself recognizing elements of the past within these enduring monuments to faith and history.
